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Metadata Files

Data Publication

Biological, chronological, geochemical and physical sedimentological data for the LP16 lake sediment record extracted from Lago Pato, Torres del Paine, Southern Chile in 2015

Roberts, Stephen | McCulloch, Robert | Emmings, Joseph | Davies, Sarah | Vyverman, Wim | Verleyen, Elie | Hayward, Chris

NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre

(2022)

Descriptions

The dataset comprises of site data and multiproxy analyses of the LP16 lake sediment cores extracted from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51.3031 S, 72.6816 W and approx 33 m a.s.l., which is topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP). The data are used to constrain glacier dynamics and lake level change in the TdP and Ultima Esperanza region over the last approx 30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Data for the LP16 sediment record consist of downcore measurements of biology, chronology, geochemistry, sedimentology proxy data collected extracted a current terrestrial shoreline in November 2015. This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and an UGent BOF bilateral collaboration project. RMcC was supported by Programa Regional R17A10002 and R20F0002 (PATSER) ANID. We gratefully acknowledge the University of Magallanes (UMAG) and the University of Santiago (Carolina Diaz) for assistance with fieldwork; the NERC/SUERC AMS Radiocarbon Facility for providing initial range-finder radiocarbon dates; the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL, now National Environmental Isotope Facility, NEIF, at the British Geological Survey) and Melanie Lang for stable carbon isotope analysis; Aberystwyth University (David Kelly), Durham University (Neil Tunstall and Christopher Longley) and Edinburgh University (Chris Hayward) for use of their core scanning and microprobe facilities and technical support.
Sediment cores were collected using a 50 cm long Russian corer from the terrestrial shoreline of Lago Pato (LP16: 51.3031 S, 72.6816 W, 33-34 m a.s.l., 295 cm long total recovered sediment depth). Chronology A chronology was established using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating 15 samples. Calibration of radiocarbon ages was undertaken in OXCAL v.4.4 using the SHCal20.14C Southern Hemisphere atmosphere calibration curve (SH20). Radiocarbon ages are reported as conventional radiocarbon years BP (14C years BP) ±1sigma and calibrated ages as 2sigma (95.4%) ranges, median and mean calendar years BP (cal a BP and cal ka BP, relative to 1950 CE), rounded to the nearest ten years. Age-depth models were developed using Bayesian age-depth modelling software (rBACON v.2.5). Modelled age data mean ages produced by the SH20M1H (Southern Hemisphere, SHcal20, radiocarbon calibration curve) in rBACON, where M1 indicates Model 1 and H indicates the inclusion of a hiatus in the model. Geochemistry Contiguous downcore wet-sediment Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) data was collected using an ITRAXTM XRF core scanner fitted with a Molybdenum (Mo) anode X-ray tube (settings: 30 kV, 50 mA, count time 10 seconds, at 500 micrometers for LP16 Units 2-6 (9.6±17.4 years) and at 200 micometers for LP16 Unit 1 200 micrometers (1.1±1.6 years). Tephra glass shard geochemistry was analysed using the Cameca SX-100 electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) at the Tephra Analytical Unit, University of Edinburgh with a beam diameter of 8 micrometers and run conditions: 15 keV/2 nA (Al, Ka, Si Ka, K Ka, Ca Ka, Na Ka, Mg Ka, K Ka, Ca Ka, Fe Ka); 15 keV/80 nA (P Ka, Ti Ka, Mn Ka, P Ka, Ti Ka). New shard geochemical data was compared to a database of distal tephra major element glass shard analyses from Southern South America. Sedimentology Physical properties were measured with a Geotek multi-sensor core logger (MSCL) (gamma-ray wet density (gamma-density), resistivity and magnetic susceptibility (MSkappa; SI x 10-5) data (Bartington Instruments; LP08: MS2C loop sensor, 2 mm intervals, 10 seconds; LP16: MS2E point sensor, 0.5 mm intervals; 10 seconds) and density-corrected MSkappa (kappa/rho; kg m-3)). Digital X-radiographs were obtained from split cores using a rotating anode mobile digital Celtic SMR CR computerised X radiography unit at Cambridge University Vet School (48kV; 4 mAs; no grid) and as ITRAX generated digital X-radiographs (45 kV, 50 mA.ms, 200 ms, 60 micrometer interval) at Aberystwyth University. Subsample data includes Loss-on-ignition (LOI) (12 hrs drying at 110°C, 4 hrs at 550°C (LOI550), and 2 hrs at 950°C for carbonate-proxy (LOI950x1.36), TOC (Total Organic Carbon (%C or %Corg) and total nitrogen (%N) and carbon isotopic ratios (delta13C). Data were analysed in MATLAB v. R2021a, R v. 4.1.0/Rstudio v. 1.4.171, using the R packages Vegan, Rioja, Tidyverse, ggplot2, Ggally v. 2.1.2, and in Sigmaplot v. 14.0 and C2 v.1.7.7. Code is available from: https://github.com/stever60/Lago_Pato
Geochemistry ITRAXTM XRF Raw count per second (cps) data were analysed using the Q-spec software v8.6.0 (Cox Analytical), with MSE values minimised to optimise the fit of 'as measured' spectra to a modelled spectrum. data are presented as percentages of the Total Scatter Normalised ratio sum (%TotalTSN or, more simply, %TSN, which are equivalent to percentages of the cps sum, or %cps) to account for downcore variations in count rate, density, water and organic content. Data less than mean minus two-sigma kcps (mainly due to gaps in the core) and greater than MSE plus two-sigma (representing a poor fit between measured to modelled spectra) were filtered before analysis. 'Noisy' elements were eliminated by comparing cps and using%TSN thresholds of ›0.1% mean and ›0.5% maximum, and by examining autocorrelation profiles for each element (Bishop, 2021). This left 17 'measurable' elements for the LP16 record (Si , S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr , Ba, and inc., coh. scatter). Elements are presented as natural log (log n or Ln) ratios. Ti-normalised log n ratios are used to estimate changes in relation to the background bedrock input. Duplicates runs were undertaken on approx10% of the total core depth (LP16-3B at 200 and 500 microns). Chronology Radiocarbon ages were rounded to the nearest 10 calendar years (cal a BP) in file LP16_C14_data.csv and the results section and to the nearest 100 years (0.1 cal ka BP) in the discussion to reflect dating and age-depth modelling uncertainties. Geochemical XRF-Core scanning data were measured at 500 micrometers for LP16 Units 2-6 (9.6±17.4 years) and at 200 micrometers for LP16 Unit 1 200 micrometers (1.1±1.6 years). Data from finely laminated glaciolacustrine sediments in Units 1-2 were measured at or smoothed to 200 micrometers (from 100 micrometers interval data) before analysis.

Keywords


Originally assigned keywords
"EARTH SCIENCE","PALEOCLIMATE","LAND RECORDS","GLACIATION"
"EARTH SCIENCE","PALEOCLIMATE","OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS","SEDIMENTS"
"EARTH SCIENCE","PALEOCLIMATE"
"EARTH SCIENCE","CLIMATE INDICATORS","PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS","PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","LAKE LEVEL RECONSTRUCTION"
Last Glacial Maximum
Patagonia
Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds
glaciation
lake level changes
palaeoclimate
palaeolimnology

MSL enriched keywords
minerals
chemical elements
carbon
equipment
electron probe micro-analyzer
mass spectrometer
accelerator mass spectrometer
Apparatus
microchemical analysis
electron probe micro analyser
Equipment
borehole drilling
drill core
unconsolidated sediment
tephra
Measured property
magnetic susceptibility
analysis
geochronology
carbon-14 dating
x-ray spectrometer
energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer
x-ray fluorescence spectrometer
measured property
age of sample
carbon-14 age
aluminium
carbon (C)
organic carbon
total organic carbon
molybdenum
nitrogen
total nitrogen
Technique
imaging (2D)
radiography
barium
bromium
calcium
chromium
iron
manganese
nickel
rubidium
strontium
titanium
zinc

MSL enriched sub domains i

geochemistry
microscopy and tomography
geo-energy test beds
paleomagnetism

Source

https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01621

Source publisher

NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre


DOI

10.5285/f85ee4eb-8918-4aa4-8e51-6c46f4c812cb


Creators

Roberts, Stephen

British Antarctic Survey

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-9127

McCulloch, Robert

None

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-3703

Emmings, Joseph

British Geological Survey

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-0501

Davies, Sarah

Aberystwyth University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-0440

Vyverman, Wim

Ghent University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0850-2569

Verleyen, Elie

Ghent University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-2960

Hayward, Chris

Grant Institute

ORCID:


Contributors

Roberts, Stephen

Researcher

British Antarctic Survey

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-9127

Roberts, Stephen

ContactPerson

British Antarctic Survey

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-9127

McCulloch, Robert

Researcher

None

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-3703

Emmings, Joseph

Researcher

British Geological Survey

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-0501

Davies, Sarah

Researcher

Aberystwyth University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-0440

Vyverman, Wim

Researcher

Ghent University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0850-2569

Verleyen, Elie

Researcher

Ghent University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-2960

Hayward, Chris

Researcher

Grant Institute

ORCID:

UK Polar Data Centre

DataManager

Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation

UK Polar Data Centre

Distributor

Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation

UK Polar Data Centre

HostingInstitution

Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation


References

10.3389/feart.2022.813396

10.3389/feart.2022.813396

10.5285/d55d7619-3e07-41b0-929e-c9da0a4b61af

10.5285/c75ea98b-080e-455e-a54f-a9e8cf07aa73

10.5285/6bd95602-f2e3-4968-8622-c4aeb71c214c

10.5285/d55d7619-3e07-41b0-929e-c9da0a4b61af

10.5285/c75ea98b-080e-455e-a54f-a9e8cf07aa73

10.5285/6bd95602-f2e3-4968-8622-c4aeb71c214c


Citation

Roberts, S., McCulloch, R., Emmings, J., Davies, S., Vyverman, W., Verleyen, E., & Hayward, C. (2022). Biological, chronological, geochemical and physical sedimentological data for the LP16 lake sediment record extracted from Lago Pato, Torres del Paine, Southern Chile in 2015 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/F85EE4EB-8918-4AA4-8E51-6C46F4C812CB


Dates

Accepted:

2022-02-28

Created:

2022-02-28

Submitted:

2022-02-28

Issued:

2022-03-03


Language

en


Funding References

Funder name: Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation

Funder identifier: https://ror.org/02b5d8509

Funder identifier type: ROR

Award number: NE/R016038/1

Award uri: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/R016038/1

Award title: National Capability - Polar Expertise Supporting UK Research


Rights

Open Government Licence V3.0


Datacite version

1.0


Geo location(s)

Lago Pato, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile


Spatial coordinates