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Metadata Files

Data Publication

Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa

Zwaan, Frank | Corti, Giacomo | Keir, Derek | Sani, Federico

GFZ Data Services

(2020)

Descriptions

This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography of 17 analogue experiments c passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tectonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is found in Zwaan et al. 2019 and 2020a-b, and references therein. The experiments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was applied by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when enhanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run. Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at understanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, whereas up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming at reproducing the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020c) to which these data are supplementary.

Keywords


Originally assigned keywords
EPOS
Analogue modelling results
multi-scale laboratories
Rifting
Passive margin
antiform
deformation > ductile flow
deformation > folding
deformation > fracturing
depression
EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > PLATE TECTONICS > CRUSTAL MOTION > CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION
EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > PLATE TECTONICS > FAULT MOVEMENT > FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION
EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > PLATE TECTONICS > PLATE BOUNDARIES
EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > PLATE TECTONICS > STRAIN
EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > PLATE TECTONICS > STRESS
flexure/buckle
geologic process
graben
normal fault
plateau
rift valley
rifting
sedimentary process > deposition
tectonic and structural features
tectonic process > continental_breakup > rifting
tectonic setting > extended terrane setting > continental rift setting
tectonic setting > plate margin setting > active continental margin setting
tectonic setting > plate spreading center setting

Corresponding MSL vocabulary keywords
rifting
passive continental margin
antiform
graben
normal fault
plateau
rift valley
rift valley

MSL enriched keywords
tectonic plate boundary
divergent tectonic plate boundary
rifting
intraplate setting
passive continental margin
tectonic deformation structure
tectonic fold
antiform
Modeled geomorphological feature
tectonic landforms
graben
tectonic fault
normal fault
slope landforms
plateau
mountain and glacial landforms
rift valley
rift valley
unconsolidated sediment
clastic sediment
sand

MSL enriched sub domains i

analogue modelling of geologic processes

Source

https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/showshort.php?id=escidoc:5124893

Source publisher

GFZ Data Services


DOI

10.5880/fidgeo.2020.020


Creators

Zwaan, Frank

University of Florence, Florence, Italy | University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-2132

Corti, Giacomo

CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-4438

Keir, Derek

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK | University of Florence, Florence, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-8446

Sani, Federico

University of Florence, Florence, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-1471


Contributors

Zwaan, Frank

ContactPerson

University of Florence, Florence, Italy | University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-2132

Zwaan, Frank

DataCollector

University of Florence, Florence, Italy | University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-2132

Zwaan, Frank

ProjectLeader

University of Florence, Florence, Italy | University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-2132

Zwaan, Frank

Researcher

University of Florence, Florence, Italy | University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-2132

Corti, Giacomo

ProjectMember

CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-4438

Corti, Giacomo

Researcher

CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-4438

Keir, Derek

ProjectMember

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK | University of Florence, Florence, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-8446

Sani, Federico

ProjectMember

University of Florence, Florence, Italy

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-1471

Zwaan, Frank

ContactPerson

University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Corti, Giacomo

ContactPerson

CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy


References

10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228595

10.5880/fidgeo.2020.017

10.5880/fidgeo.2020.018

10.5880/fidgeo.2020.019

10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103649

10.1029/2019tc006043


Citation

Zwaan, F., Corti, G., Keir, D., & Sani, F. (2020). Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa [Data set]. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2020.020


Dates

Created:

2020-04-02

Issued:

2020


Funding References

Funder name: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Funder identifier: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711

Funder identifier type: Crossref Funder ID

Award number: P2BEP2_178523

Award title: Early Postdoc Mobility

Funder name: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Funder identifier: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711

Funder identifier type: Crossref Funder ID

Award number: 2017P9AT72

Award title: PRIN2017


Rights

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International