Data Publication

Frictional healing data from direct shear slide-hold-slide experiments performed on simulated fault gouges from the Groningen gas field

Luuk Bernd Hunfeld

Utrecht University

(2020)

Descriptions

We investigated the frictional strength recovery (healing) and subsequent reactivation and slip-weakening behaviour of simulated fault gouges derived from key stratigraphic units in the seismogenic Groningen gas field (N.E. Netherlands). Direct-shear, Slide-Hold-Slide (SHS) experiments were performed at in-situ conditions of 100 °C, 40 MPa effective normal stress and 10-15 MPa pore fluid pressure (synthetic formation brine). Sheared gouges were allowed to heal for periods up to 100 days before subsequent re-shearing. The initial coefficient of (steady) sliding friction μ was highest in the Basal Zechstein caprock (μ=0.65±0.02) and Slochteren sandstone reservoir (μ=0.61±0.02) gouges, and the lowest in the Ten Boer claystone at the reservoir top (μ=0.38±0.01) and in the Carboniferous shale substrate (μ≈0.45). Healing and subsequent reactivation led to a marked increase (Δμ) in (static) friction coefficient of up to ~0.16 in Basal Zechstein and ~0.07 in Slochteren sandstone gouges for the longest hold periods investigated, followed by a sharp strength drop (up to ~25%) and slip-weakening trajectory. By contrast, the Ten Boer and Carboniferous gouges showed virtually no healing or strength drop. Healing rates in the Basal Zechstein and Slochteren sandstone gouges were significantly affected by the stiffness of different machines used, in line with the Ruina slip law, and with a microphysical model for gouge healing. Our results point to marked stratigraphic variation in healed frictional strength and healing rate of faults in the Groningen system, and high seismogenic potential of healed faults cutting the reservoir and Basal Zechstein caprock units, upon reactivation. The data is provided in a folder with 19 subfolders for 19 experiments/samples. Detailed information about the files in these subfolders as well as information on how the data is processed is given in the explanatory file Hunfeld_et_al_2020_Data_Explanation.pdf. Contact person is Luuk Hunfeld - PhD student - l.b.hunfeld@uu.nl

Keywords

Originally assigned keywords

Natural Sciences - Earth and related environmental sciences (1.5)

Frictional properties

Fault healing

Simulated fault gouge

Groningen gas field

Induced seismicity

Fault reactivation

Slide-Hold-Slide

Triaxial

Powder mixture

Fault_related_material

Friction

Friction > Imposed Stress

Friction > Imposed Slip

Strain gauge > Axial straun gauge

Thermocouple

EPOS

multi-scale laboratories

rock and melt physical properties

Corresponding MSL vocabulary keywords

friction - controlled slip rate

frictional strength recovery

simulated fault gouge

induced seismicity

tectonic fault

reactivation friction coefficient

friction coefficient

frictional deformation

friction coefficient

thermometer

MSL enriched keywords

Measured property

friction - controlled slip rate

Measured property

friction - controlled slip rate

friction coefficient

frictional strength recovery

friction coefficient

frictional strength recovery

fault rock

fault gouge

simulated fault gouge

induced seismicity

tectonic deformation structure

tectonic fault

reactivation friction coefficient

Inferred deformation behavior

deformation behaviour

frictional deformation

Ancillary equipment

measurement of temperature

thermometer

Apparatus

deformation testing

shear testing

conventional triaxial apparatus: direct shear

subsurface energy production

hydrocarbon energy production

gas field

sedimentary rock

mudstone

claystone

shale

sandstone

wacke

Slochteren sandstone

evaporite

gypsum or anhydrite

Basal Zechstein

liquid phase

salt brine

pore fluid pressure

frictional strength

frictional strength recovery

pore fluid pressure

Phanerozoic

Paleozoic

Carboniferous

MSL enriched sub domains i

rock and melt physics

analogue modelling of geologic processes

Source

https://public.yoda.uu.nl/geo/UU01/RHTSV4.html

Source publisher

Utrecht University

DOI

10.24416/uu01-rhtsv4

Creators

Luuk Bernd Hunfeld

Utrecht University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-414X

Author identifier (Scopus):

57197828301

Contributors

Hunfeld, Luuk Bernd

DataCollector

Utrecht University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-414X

Author identifier (Scopus):

57197828301

Hunfeld, Luuk Bernd

ContactPerson

Utrecht University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-414X

Author identifier (Scopus):

57197828301

Chen, Jianye

Researcher

Utrecht University | Technical University of Delft

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-5293

Author identifier (Scopus):

57206952249

Hol, Sander

Supervisor

Shell Global Solutions International B.V.

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-618X

Niemeijer, André Rik

Supervisor

Utrecht University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-9308

Author identifier (Scopus):

8731378600

Spiers, Christopher James

ProjectLeader

Utrecht University

ORCID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-8941

Author identifier (Scopus):

7003318682

Experimental rock deformation/HPT-Lab (Utrecht University, The Netherlands)

HostingInstitution

Utrecht University

Citation

Hunfeld, L. B. (2020). Frictional healing data from direct shear slide-hold-slide experiments performed on simulated fault gouges from the Groningen gas field. Utrecht University. https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-RHTSV4

Dates

Updated:

2024-07-12T11:07:36

Language

en

Funding References

Funder name: Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (NAM)

Funder name: European Research Council - SEISMIC

Funder name: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) - VIDI

Rights

Open - freely retrievable

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License

Datacite version

1.0

Geo location(s)

Stedum 1 (SDM-1) wells - Groningen

Zeerijp 2 (ZRP-2) wells - Groningen