Dataset
Data Publication
CRM-geothermal Database: Geoscientific and Geochemical Data on Geothermal Systems, with Emphasis on Fluids and Critical Raw Materials in Europe and Eastern Africa
Seres, Anna | Hartai, Éva | Kieling, Katrin | Regenspurg, Simona
GFZ Data Services
(2026)
Descriptions
The CRM-geothermal database was created within the Horizon Europe CRM-geothermal project (Grant Agreement No. 101058163) to support the assessment of geothermal systems as sources of both renewable energy and critical raw materials (CRMs). The primary purpose of data collection was to compile, harmonise, and make openly available geoscientific and geochemical data relevant to the occurrence, enrichment, and potential co-production of CRMs from geothermal environments in Europe and East Africa.
The database integrates legacy data compiled from peer-reviewed literature, national geological and geothermal databases, and previous European research projects (notably REFLECT), together with new data generated by project partners through field sampling and laboratory analyses. Sampling campaigns targeted geothermal wells and surface manifestations in selected regions, including Türkiye, the East African Rift (Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi), Cornwall (UK), and Iceland. Laboratory analyses include major ion chemistry, trace and critical element concentrations, mineralogical composition, and gas data, determined using methods such as ICP-MS, XRF, and XRD.
All records were harmonised using a unified metadata schema, standardised units, and consistent reporting formats. Quality control involved automated validation routines and manual expert review. Each record includes spatial coordinates, sampling context, analytical method, references, and a quality flag indicating data origin and traceability.
The database is provided as a structured Excel file and contains interconnected datasets on geothermal wells, fluids, rocks, gases, and mineral precipitates. In total, the dataset comprises 9,773 records covering a wide range of geological settings, from volcanic and metamorphic systems to sedimentary basins. The CRM-geothermal database is FAIR-aligned, openly available, and intended for reuse in geothermal research, resource assessment, and studies on the sustainable co-production of geothermal energy and critical raw materials.
Method:
The CRM-geothermal database was compiled using a combined approach integrating literature-based data collection, database harmonisation, and new data generation through field sampling and laboratory analysis.
Legacy data were collected from peer-reviewed scientific publications, national geological and geothermal databases, technical reports, and previous European research projects, with a particular emphasis on the REFLECT project. Relevant parameters were manually extracted, digitised where necessary, and cross-checked against original sources to ensure consistency and traceability.
New data were generated within the CRM-geothermal project through targeted sampling campaigns at selected geothermal sites in Europe and Eastern Africa. Samples of geothermal fluids, rocks, gases, and mineral precipitates were collected from wells and surface manifestations following standard geochemical sampling protocols.
Laboratory analyses were performed by project partner institutions using established analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace and critical elements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for bulk chemical composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical characterisation. Gas compositions were determined using gas chromatography and noble gas mass spectrometry where applicable. Detection limits and analytical uncertainties follow laboratory-specific standards and are documented where available.
All data were harmonised using a unified metadata schema. Units, parameter names, and reporting formats were standardised, and spatial information was converted to WGS 84 decimal degrees. Quality control was applied through automated validation scripts checking metadata completeness, coordinate validity, and numerical plausibility, followed by manual expert review to ensure scientific coherence and correct sample attribution.
The final dataset was organised into interconnected thematic tables (wells, fluids, rocks, gases, and scales) and exported as a structured Excel file for dissemination. Each record includes references, analytical method information, and a quality flag indicating data origin and traceability.
Technical Info:
The CRM-geothermal data publication is provided as a structured multi-sheet Excel (XLSX) file representing a curated snapshot of the CRM-geothermal database at the time of publication. The dataset was generated through controlled export workflows following data validation and harmonisation.
The Excel file contains separate worksheets for thematic data tables (wells, fluids, rocks, gases, and mineral precipitates). Each worksheet preserves unique identifiers, standardised metadata fields, and cross-references between related records, allowing the dataset to be used independently of any external system or software platform.
In addition to the downloadable data publication, the CRM-geothermal datasets are also used within an online, GIS-based visualisation platform (CRM-geothermal Fluid Atlas). The platform allows interactive exploration, filtering, and map-based visualisation of geothermal and CRM-related data across Europe and Eastern Africa.
Access to the online platform is available at: https://crmgeothermal.iit.uni-miskolc.hu
Keywords
MSL enriched keywords
subsurface energy production
geothermal energy extraction
Measured property
remanent magnetisation
chemical remanent magnetisation (CRM)
measured property
lithium
liquid phase
salt brine
strontium
equipment
mass spectrometer
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer
x-ray spectrometer
x-ray fluorescence spectrometer
Technique
imaging (3D)
computed tomography (CT)
X-ray diffraction
MSL vocabulary keywords corresponding to originally assigned keywords
geothermal energy extraction
chemical remanent magnetisation (CRM)
lithium
salt brine
strontium
Originally assigned keywords
geothermal
critical raw materials
CRM
lithium
brine
well
fluid
rock
gas
scale
geochemistry
strontium
Europe
Eastern Africa
extraction
Science Keywords > EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ECONOMIC RESOURCES > ENERGY PRODUCTION/USE > GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION/USE
Science Keywords > EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY
Science Keywords > EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS > GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Metadata
MSL enriched sub domains
paleomagnetism
geochemistry
microscopy and tomography
Resource Type
Source
Source publisher
| GFZ Data Services |
Creators
| Seres, Anna |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-1445 |
| University of Miskolc |
| Hartai, Éva |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5890-7926 |
| University of Miskolc |
| Kieling, Katrin |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5090 |
| GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences |
| Regenspurg, Simona |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-1439 |
| GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences |
Contributors
| Seres, Anna |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-1445 |
| University of Miskolc |
| Kieling, Katrin |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5090 |
| GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences |
| Hehn, Vera |
| Personal |
| Hydroisotop (Germany) |
| Olaka, Lydia |
| Personal |
| Kovács, Károly |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0470-0129 |
| Madarász, Tamás |
| Personal |
| Szanyi, János |
| Personal |
| Seres, Anna |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-1445 |
| University of Miskolc |
| Kieling, Katrin |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5090 |
| GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences |
| Seres, Anna |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-1445 |
| University of Miskolc |
| Kieling, Katrin |
| Personal |
| https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5090 |
| GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences |
Citation
Seres, A., Hartai, É., Kieling, K., & Regenspurg, S. (2026). CRM-geothermal Database: Geoscientific and Geochemical Data on Geothermal Systems, with Emphasis on Fluids and Critical Raw Materials in Europe and Eastern Africa [Dataset]. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2026.012
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Dates
| Created | 2025-10-02 |
| Issued | 2026 |
Language
- no language entry found -
Funding References
| Funder Name | HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility |
| Funder Identifier | https://doi.org/10.13039/9100018700 |
| Award Number | 101058163 |
| Award Title | Innovation for responsible EU sourcing of primary raw materials, the foundation of the Green Deald innovation programme |
Rights
| Name | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International |
| URI | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
| Identifier | cc-by-4.0 |
| Identifier Scheme | SPDX |
| Scheme URI | https://spdx.org/licenses/ |
Locations
Geo location(s)
Database covers Europe and East Africa. The earliest data is from a well drilled in 1846, the latest sampling was made in 2024.06.25.